The gums and supporting structures of teeth are affected by gum disease, also known as periodontitis. Left untreated can lead to tooth loss and adversely affect overall health. In this blog, we will delve into the causes and consequences of periodontitis and explore the various treatment options offered by periodontists to manage this condition effectively.

Understanding Periodontitis: Causes and Impact on Oral Health

Gum disease, also known as periodontitis, is caused by plaque buildup, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth and gum line. By not brushing and flossing regularly, plaque hardens into tartar, a complicated substance to remove at home, requiring professional dental cleanings.

The presence of tartar and bacteria triggers an inflammatory response in the gums, leading to redness, swelling, and tenderness. As the infection progresses, the gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that harbour more bacteria. This process gradually breaks down the bone and connective tissues supporting the teeth, leading to tooth mobility and potential loss.

Aside from tooth loss, periodontitis can significantly impact oral health. It can cause chronic bad breath, receding gums, tooth sensitivity, and changes in how teeth fit together when biting or chewing.

Treatment Options Offered by Periodontists

When diagnosed with periodontitis, seeking prompt treatment from a skilled periodontist is crucial to prevent further damage and preserve oral health. The treatment plan will depend on the severity of the gum disease and individual factors. Some standard periodontitis treatment options include:

Scaling and Root Planing (Deep Cleaning): This non-surgical procedure is the cornerstone of periodontitis treatment. It involves removing plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line (scaling) and smoothing the tooth roots (root planing) to discourage bacterial attachment. Scaling and root planing help the gums reattach to the teeth and reduce pocket depth.

Antibiotic Therapy: Periodontists sometimes prescribe antibiotics to complement scaling and root planing. Antibiotics can help eliminate stubborn bacteria and reduce inflammation in the gums.

Gum Grafting: Periodontists may recommend gum grafting in advanced cases where the gum tissue has receded significantly. This procedure involves taking tissue from another area of the mouth (or using donor tissue) and placing it over the exposed tooth roots to restore gum coverage.

Pocket Reduction Surgery: If the pockets around the teeth are deep and challenging to clean, pocket reduction surgery may be necessary. During this procedure, the periodontist folds back the gum tissue, removes bacteria and tartar, and then secures the gum tissue back in place to reduce pocket depth.

Bone Grafting: In severe cases of periodontitis where bone loss has occurred, periodontists may perform bone grafting to regenerate bone tissue. This procedure helps stabilise the teeth and prevent further tooth loss.

Preventing Periodontitis and Maintaining Good Gum Health

While effective periodontitis treatment is available, preventing the disease in the first place is always the best approach. Good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are essential for maintaining healthy gums and preventing gum disease. Here are some tips for avoiding periodontitis:

  • Brush your teeth at least twice a day using fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush.
  • Floss daily to clean between the teeth and along the gumline where a toothbrush cannot reach.
  • Use an antimicrobial mouthwash to help reduce bacterial growth in the mouth.
  • Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals to support gum health.
  • Avoid tobacco products, as smoking and chewing tobacco increase the risk of gum disease.
  • Schedule regular dental check-ups and cleanings to detect and address gum disease early.

Conclusion:

Periodontitis, or gum disease, can have severe consequences for oral health and overall well-being if left untreated. By understanding its causes and the importance of seeking timely treatment from a periodontist, individuals can take proactive steps to manage gum disease effectively and preserve their natural teeth. Remember, prevention through good oral hygiene practices and regular dental visits is the key to maintaining healthy gums and a beautiful smile.